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Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester
Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester, 1st Earl of Buckingham, 1st Earl of Essex,, KG (7 January 1355 – 8 or 9 September 1397) was the fourteenth and youngest child of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. He was the fifth of the five sons of Edward III who survived to adulthood.
==Early life==
Thomas was born 7 January 1355 at Woodstock Palace in Oxfordshire after two short-lived brothers, one of whom had also been baptised Thomas.〔Anthony Goodman, ''The Loyal Conspiracy:The Lords Appellant under Richard II'', (University of Miami Press, 1971), 5.〕 He married Eleanor de Bohun by 1376,〔G.A. Holmes, ''Estates of the Higher Nobility in Fourteenth Century England'', (Cambridge University Press, 1957), 24.〕 was given Pleshey castle in Essex, and was appointed Constable of the Realm.〔 The younger sister of Woodstock's wife, Mary de Bohun, was subsequently married to Henry of Bolingbroke, Earl of Derby, who later became King Henry IV of England.
In 1377, at the age of 22, Woodstock was knighted〔 and created Earl of Buckingham.〔Anthony Goodman, ''The Loyal Conspiracy:The Lords Appellant under Richard II'', 6.〕 In 1385 his son received the title Duke of Aumale and at about the same time was created Duke of Gloucester.〔Anthony Goodman, ''The Loyal Conspiracy:The Lords Appellant under Richard II'', 91.〕
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